See er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iz",
"4": "",
"5": "he; 3rd person personal pronoun"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "er",
"3": "ēr"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ēr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "German er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "es",
"tags": [
"alternative"
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},
{
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}
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
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},
{
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one",
"roman": "en orðstírr / deyr aldregi / hveim er sér góðan getr",
"text": "verse 76 of the Hávamál (1996 translation by Carolyne Larrington)",
"translation": "but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who, which, that"
],
"id": "en-er-non-pron-yjpXb6p5",
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[
"who",
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],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
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"that"
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}
{
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"word": "er"
},
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}
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
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},
"expansion": "Old High German ēr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "German er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "es",
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]
},
{
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"alternative"
]
}
],
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"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"where"
],
"id": "en-er-non-conj-tIERwQxl",
"links": [
[
"where",
"where"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
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{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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3,
5
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25,
27
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4,
8
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],
"english": "and when he died, the whole world cried.",
"text": "En er hann dó, grét ǫll verǫldin",
"translation": "and when he died, the whole world cried.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"when"
],
"id": "en-er-non-conj-FeqnUkCu",
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"when",
"when"
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}
{
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},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "er"
},
{
"descendants": [
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"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "er"
}
],
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"lang_code": "no"
},
{
"lang": "Jamtish",
"lang_code": "gmq-jmk",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "ir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "är"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "ær"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Old Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-ogt",
"word": "ier"
}
],
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"3": "*h₁es-"
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"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "ᛁᛊᛏ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*isti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *isti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier es, from Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. The final -s was replaced by -r due to analogy to the plural forms of the verb.",
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{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "er",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular indicative present of vera"
],
"id": "en-er-non-verb-non:is",
"links": [
[
"vera",
"vera#Old_Norse"
]
],
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],
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "er"
}
{
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"Old Norse conjunctions",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse pronouns",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 56 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iz",
"4": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "er",
"3": "ēr"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ēr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "German er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "es",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-'s",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"1": "non",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "er",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one",
"roman": "en orðstírr / deyr aldregi / hveim er sér góðan getr",
"text": "verse 76 of the Hávamál (1996 translation by Carolyne Larrington)",
"translation": "but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who, which, that"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
]
}
],
"word": "er"
}
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"Old Norse conjunctions",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
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"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 56 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "ær"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iz",
"4": "",
"5": "he; 3rd person personal pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "er",
"3": "ēr"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ēr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "German er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "es",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-'s",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"where"
],
"links": [
[
"where",
"where"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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3,
5
],
[
25,
27
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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4,
8
]
],
"english": "and when he died, the whole world cried.",
"text": "En er hann dó, grét ǫll verǫldin",
"translation": "and when he died, the whole world cried.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"when"
],
"links": [
[
"when",
"when"
]
]
}
],
"word": "er"
}
{
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"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 56 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
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"lang_code": "is",
"word": "er"
},
{
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"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "er"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no"
},
{
"lang": "Jamtish",
"lang_code": "gmq-jmk",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "ir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "är"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "ær"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "er"
},
{
"lang": "Old Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-ogt",
"word": "ier"
}
],
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},
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"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "ᛁᛊᛏ"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*isti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *isti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier es, from Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. The final -s was replaced by -r due to analogy to the plural forms of the verb.",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"alternative"
]
}
],
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"2": "verb form"
},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular indicative present of vera"
],
"links": [
[
"vera",
"vera#Old_Norse"
]
],
"senseid": [
"non:is"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "er"
}
Download raw JSONL data for er meaning in Old Norse (6.4kB)
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"section": "Old Norse",
"subsection": "",
"title": "er",
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.